What is the difference between a psychologist, counsellor, mental health social worker…

Video Transcript:

Have you ever wondered: Do I need a psychologist? Or a psychiatrist? Maybe a counsellor or occupational therapist? If so, this video is your guide. When I'm out promoting my services, I get asked a lot, especially by GPs: What’s the difference between all the mental health professionals in Australia?

In today's video, We’ll cover everything from qualifications to their roles, who can prescribe medications, who can diagnose, and what each professional typically charges. But here's the thing – finding the right therapist is a bit like dating. It might take a few tries, but it's a game-changer when you find the right one! laughs Alright, let’s dive in!

 
What is Psychology?

Before we get into the different professionals, let’s talk about psychology. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. It explores everything from how we think, feel, and act to how we interact with others and the world around us. Mental Health practitioners apply this understanding to help people manage mental health issues, overcome difficulties, and improve their overall well-being. Psychology branches out into many specialties like clinical, counselling, forensic, and educational psychology.

Now, let’s explore the types of professionals in the mental health space, starting with the psychiatrist."

 
Psychiatrist
"First up, we have psychiatrists. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialise in mental health. They have completed a medical degree, followed by years of specialist training in psychiatry. This means they’re able to diagnose complex mental illnesses and prescribe medications to manage conditions like depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and more.

Psychiatrists work within a medical model, meaning they focus on how biological factors influence mental health. Some may also offer talk therapy, but they’re typically known for medication management and assessing more severe mental health issues.

Professional Association:
Psychiatrists are registered with the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP).

Fees & Access:
Psychiatric consultations can range from $200–$500 per session. You’ll need a referral from a GP to access a psychiatrist, and Medicare rebates are available for certain sessions."

 
Psychologist

"Next, we have psychologists. These are professionals trained in understanding human behaviour and mental processes. They help people work through issues like anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship problems using therapeutic techniques. Psychologists don’t prescribe medication – their primary focus is on therapy.

There are two key types of psychologists you might come across:

Clinical Psychologists:
They have a Master’s or Doctoral degree in Clinical Psychology and specialise in assessing and treating mental illnesses.

General Psychologists:
They hold a general psychology degree but can still provide therapy and support for mental health issues.

Professional Association:
Psychologists are registered with the Australian Psychological Society (APS) or the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA).

Fees & Access:
Fees typically range between $120–$250 per session, depending on their specialisation. You can access a psychologist through a GP’s Mental Health Care Plan, which gives you a rebate for a certain number of sessions under Medicare."

 
Mental Health Social Worker

"Next, we have mental health social workers. These professionals hold qualifications in social work, along with specialised training in mental health. They provide counselling and therapy, particularly for people dealing with complex life issues like trauma, abuse, or chronic mental health conditions. Mental health social workers often focus on the broader social and environmental factors that influence a person’s mental well-being.

They don’t prescribe medication or make medical diagnoses, but they can provide assessments, therapy, and referrals to other services.

Professional Association:
They are accredited by the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) and may hold a Mental Health Accreditation.

Fees & Access:
Their fees are typically between $100–$180 per session. Medicare rebates are available through a GP referral under the Mental Health Care Plan."

 
Occupational Therapist (OT)
"Occupational Therapists, or OTs, specialise in helping people improve their daily functioning, particularly those whose mental health affects their ability to work, take care of themselves, or engage in life fully. OTs with mental health training focus on practical skills to improve well-being, such as coping strategies, relaxation techniques, and routines.

They work with people who struggle with conditions like ADHD, autism, or chronic mental health conditions that impact day-to-day activities.

Professional Association:
OTs are registered with Occupational Therapy Australia (OTA) and AHPRA.

Fees & Access:
Their fees generally range from $90–$200 per session. Access can be through private referral or NDIS for those with a disability."

 
Mental Health Nurse
"Mental health nurses are registered nurses with specialised training in mental health. They work in hospitals, clinics, and sometimes community settings, often supporting people with severe and chronic mental health conditions. They can administer medications, provide therapy, and offer ongoing care.

They work closely with psychiatrists and other mental health professionals to provide holistic care.

Professional Association:
They’re registered under the Australian College of Mental Health Nurses (ACMHN).

Fees & Access:
Fees vary based on service location. Mental health nurses can be accessed via hospitals, GPs, and community health centres, with Medicare or insurance rebates often covering the cost."

 
Counsellor/Therapist

"Now onto counsellors and therapists. These professionals provide emotional and psychological support through talk therapy. Unlike psychologists, counsellors don’t require a specific degree in psychology, though many hold qualifications in counselling or related fields. They are great for short-term or solution-focused therapy to work through life challenges, stress, or relationship issues.

However, they are not qualified to diagnose or prescribe medication.

Professional Association:
Many counsellors are registered with the Australian Counselling Association (ACA) or Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA).

Fees & Access:
Counselling fees are generally around $80–$150 per session. They’re often accessed privately, and unfortunately, Medicare rebates are not typically available unless they’re registered as a clinical psychologist or mental health social worker."

 
Psychotherapist

"Finally, we have psychotherapists. Psychotherapy is a deeper form of therapy, often long-term, aimed at understanding emotional difficulties and the underlying patterns of behaviour. While many psychotherapists are also psychologists, counsellors, or social workers, some focus exclusively on psychotherapeutic techniques like psychoanalysis or Gestalt therapy.

Professional Association:
They may be registered with PACFA or other psychotherapy-specific organisations.

Fees & Access:
Fees can range from $100–$250 per session, and psychotherapists are often accessed privately."

 
Finding the Right Professional
"So, how do you choose the right mental health professional? It’s a bit like dating! Sometimes you won’t find the perfect match on the first try, and that’s okay. Whether you’re looking for someone who can prescribe medication, someone who focuses on talk therapy, or a more holistic approach to mental health, it’s about finding that connection. When you do, hold them tight! laughs."

"I hope this video has cleared things up for you! Remember, mental health is a journey, and finding the right support is huge. If you're ready to start your healing journey, click the link in the description or connect with me on LinkedIn. You can also send me a direct message, and I’ll respond to get you started.

 Our one-on-one sessions will tackle these challenges using techniques including EMDR, Shadow Work, Mindfulness and other evidence based therapies. The goal? Healing. You'll gain confidence, establish healthy boundaries, improve your relationships, and find more peace and balance in your daily life.

References:

Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP)

Australian Psychological Society (APS)

Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW)

Occupational Therapy Australia (OTA)

Australian College of Mental Health Nurses (ACMHN)

Australian Counselling Association (ACA)

Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA)